: The mechanical parts of a machine, the basic cut of a dress, or the standard shape of a fork.
For more specific guidance, you can refer to the U.S. Copyright Office or the Ninth Circuit Jury Instructions on functional elements.
: In Star Athletica, L.L.C. v. Varsity Brands, Inc. , the Supreme Court clarified that artistic designs incorporated into useful articles (like cheerleading uniforms) are protectable if they can be perceived as two- or three-dimensional works of art separate from the article itself. Distinguishing Examples : The mechanical parts of a machine, the
AI responses may include mistakes. For legal advice, consult a professional. Learn more 17.22 Copyright—Useful Articles/Functional Elements
In copyright law, a is an object with an intrinsic utilitarian function that goes beyond merely conveying information or portraying an appearance. Key Legal Definitions : In Star Athletica, L
: Examples include clothing, furniture, machinery, and dinnerware.
: Carvings on a chair back, original patterns on fabric, or a sculpture used as a lamp base. , the Supreme Court clarified that artistic designs
: While a "useful article" itself is generally not copyrightable, any pictorial, graphic, or sculptural authorship that can be identified separately from its functional aspects may be protected. For instance, a floral design on a plate can be copyrighted, but the plate's shape cannot.