Immature nymphs, known as "stem mothers" or fundatrices , overwinter at the base of spruce buds.
In North America, the population consists entirely of females that reproduce parthenogenetically (without mating). adelges abietis
The Eastern Spruce Gall Adelgid: An Ecological Profile of Adelges abietis Immature nymphs, known as "stem mothers" or fundatrices
Immature nymphs, known as "stem mothers" or fundatrices , overwinter at the base of spruce buds.
In North America, the population consists entirely of females that reproduce parthenogenetically (without mating).
The Eastern Spruce Gall Adelgid: An Ecological Profile of Adelges abietis