This process is primarily governed by the RTCA DO-254 standard (or ED-80 in Europe), which provides the framework for developing safety-critical hardware like FPGAs and ASICs. The Story of the Pitch Controller

DO-254, Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic ... - RTCA

In the world of avionics, is the practice of ensuring that the "brain" of an aircraft—its complex electronics—is built so reliably that its failure is practically impossible in critical flight conditions.