Called racism America’s "worst disease" and befriended activists like W.E.B. Du Bois.

Published four groundbreaking papers while working as a patent clerk.

Though his theories paved the way, he deeply regretted his letter to FDR that spurred the Manhattan Project.

Known for his wild hair, love for the violin, and refusal to wear socks.

A vocal critic of nationalism and war, especially after WWI.

Proved light acts as both a wave and a particle (won his Nobel Prize).