Classified as Vulnerable, with major populations in India.

A prominent whitish or gray "boss" of bone sits between the horns on the forehead, causing a deep, concave dip in the skull's profile.

The gaur ( Bos gaurus or Bibos gaurus ), also known as the Indian bison, is the world's largest living bovid species. It is a massive, powerful bovine characterized by its dark, muscular build and distinctive white lower legs.

The skin secretes an oily, fragrant substance (5-(1-hydroxynonyl)-2-tetrahydrofuranpentanoic acid) that is believed to act as an insect repellent.

Primarily a grazer found in South and Southeast Asia, usually in herds, except for old bachelor males.

Body hair is dark brown to black, with white or yellowish hair on the lower legs ("white stockings").

A highly developed muscular ridge on the back extends from the shoulders to the middle of the body, formed by elongated dorsal vertebrae.