: Incumbents use state resources, control over the media, and a biased judiciary to disadvantage opponents.
The concept was pioneered by political scientists and Lucan Way in their 2010 book, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War . Core Characteristics Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes Af...
These regimes are defined by a "procedural minimum" of democracy that is systematically violated: : Incumbents use state resources, control over the
: Unlike "hegemonic" regimes (e.g., North Korea), opposition parties are legal, active, and can realistically challenge the incumbent for power. : Incumbents use state resources