: Pregnancy alters drug absorption, distribution, and elimination due to increased blood volume, body fat, and glomerular filtration rate.
: Exposure may lead to functional disorders, growth retardation, or organ dysfunction. Lactation Considerations Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation
: For women with chronic conditions, a review of medications 3–6 months before conception is ideal to transition to safer alternatives. : Clinicians must evaluate whether the risks of
: Clinicians must evaluate whether the risks of an untreated maternal condition (e.g., asthma, epilepsy, or depression) outweigh the potential risks of drug exposure. : Treatment should be tailored to the specific
The management of medication during pregnancy and lactation is a complex "balancing act" that weighs the therapeutic needs of the mother against the potential risks to the developing fetus or nursing infant. Because nearly 90% of women take at least one medication during pregnancy, understanding these risks is essential for safe maternal and neonatal care.
: Treatment should be tailored to the specific stage of pregnancy or the age and feeding frequency of the infant. Pregnancy Considerations
: When medication is necessary, it should be prescribed at the lowest dose that remains effective for the mother to minimize exposure.