: Test the feature against a reference output to ensure accuracy before integrating it into a real-time system. Top 7 DSP Projects Ideas - PHD TOPIC

: Measures the overall power or loudness of the signal.

: Represents the "center of mass" of the spectrum, often associated with the perceived "brightness" of a sound.

: Indicates the variability or spread of the signal's amplitude.

: If frequency features are needed, apply an FFT or Wavelet Transform to each frame.

Depending on the application, you can "create" or extract features from different domains: