The modern conservation movement is governed by international agreements that standardize how heritage is treated globally:
: Led by John Ruskin and William Morris, this movement argued that restoration was a "forgery." They advocated for conservative repair and the protection of a building's entire historical narrative. 2. International Frameworks & Charters
: The first international document to recognize ancient monuments as a common human heritage. History of Architectural Conservation (CONSERVA...
The (often abbreviated as CONSERVA in academic contexts) traces the evolution from ancient maintenance to modern international heritage management. The movement grew significantly in the 18th and 19th centuries as a response to Modernism and its focus on technological progress over sentimental value. 1. Key Historical Eras & Movements
: Established the foundational international guidelines for conserving and restoring historic buildings. It emphasizes respect for original materials and scientific documentation. The (often abbreviated as CONSERVA in academic contexts)
: Focused on the concept of "cultural significance," including both tangible and intangible values. 3. Core Principles & Degrees of Intervention The History of ICOMOS
: Led by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, this approach sought "stylistic unity." Viollet-le-Duc believed in restoring a building to a state of completeness that may never have actually existed. Key Historical Eras & Movements : Established the
: Two opposing schools of thought emerged: