For a deep dive into the latest scientific theories, you can explore the Neanderthal Extinction entry on Wikipedia or watch the full Neanderthal Apocalypse documentary on YouTube.
: Some researchers suggest that rapid shifts in the Earth's climate turned their lush hunting grounds into barren steppes. Neanderthals were built for ambush hunting in forests, and they may have struggled to adapt to these new, wide-open landscapes.
: Massive volcanic eruptions during this period, such as the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption in Italy, might have caused a "volcanic winter," disrupting the food chain and making survival impossible for the already stressed Neanderthal populations. Did They Actually Go Extinct?