The is a seminal essay by Italian economic historian Carlo M. Cipolla , first published in 1976. It presents a satirical yet rigorous framework for understanding stupidity as a distinct and highly dangerous social force. The Five Basic Laws
The probability of being stupid is independent of any other characteristic, such as education or status. The basic laws of human stupidity
Cipolla categorizes behavior into four types based on gains/losses for oneself and others: The is a seminal essay by Italian economic historian Carlo M
Book Review-The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity - Thor Projects The basic laws of human stupidity