: Imagining detailed objects or scenes, particularly the color black, to relax the mind and clarify visual imagination. What Modern Science Says

(Hardback): A more durable version published by Hassell Street Press is available from World of Books for about $32.95 .

: Covering closed eyes with the palms of the hands (without pressing on the eyeballs) to achieve total darkness and deep relaxation.

Bates believed that vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism were caused by chronic tension. His techniques focus on "dynamic relaxation" to restore natural visual habits: