Ultras File

In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors. They have played roles in revolutions (e.g., Egypt’s Arab Spring) and often represent marginalized social groups [20, 21, 27].

While often associated with hooliganism or violence in the media, many groups act as surrogate families, offering a sense of belonging in atomized societies [16, 23]. Ultras

Many participants seek out the most "unpredictable" races—those with extreme weather or minimal control—as a way to mirror the challenges of real life and discover their true capabilities [2]. Perspectives from the Community On Football Ultras In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors